Neuropharmacology and Innovation: Comparative Study of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases
Anusiri Priya
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (a leading cause of dementia) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) (progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons) are the two most common neurodegenerative disorders. They both are peculiar in their characteristics and may impose a substantial economic, clinical, and social burden.
Parkinson’s disease may have its effect on motor function whereas Alzheimer’s disease (AD) impairs cognition and memory more because of the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau pathology (due to progressive cortical neurodegeneration). Though they are different from each other in their response to drug, treatment and disease protection strategies, they both may share some commonalities . They share a peculiar convergent mechanism including aggregation, neuroinflammation, protein misfolding mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired proteostasis. This research paper highlights recent innovations aimed at disease modification. It delves into synthesis of current neuropharmacological treatments for AD and PD. The paper explores more about small molecules targeting proteostasis, cell-based therapies, immunotherapies, gene-based approaches, antisense oligonucleotides, mitochondrial and metabolic modulators, and neuromodulation techniques. The paper proposes a more modern, transformative and translational comparative research framework to identify and assess mechanistic overlap, therapeutic efficacy across AD and PD, biomarker-guided stratification. It also discusses challenges in novel clinical trial design, clinical translation, and personalized medicine.
Keywords:
Neuropharmacology, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Neuropharmacology and Innovation
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